ASML machines is the only company in the world that produces the most advanced computer chips and has such technology.
This effective monopoly means that exactly how ASML machines work is subject to some of the strictest corporate security in the world. Microchips, complex models of transistors, or miniature electrical switches are made layer by layer on a silicon wafer. It is prepared for printing using a lithography system in which light is reflected through a blueprint of the pattern of these miniature keys.
The light is then shrunk, focused using advanced optics, and the pattern is etched onto a photosensitive silicon wafer.
This model forms the circuit of a silicon chip that could end up in a computer, phone, or any electrical device imaginable. The crux of ASML's most advanced machines is that they can operate at small scales, producing superfine ultraviolet light of just 13.5 nanometers. Sander Hofman likened it to using pens with different nibs. Because of its small wavelength, it basically means you use a thin liner to draw integrated circuit lines – perhaps instead of older generation machines that use a felt-tip pen. The ability to corrode silicon with such thin circuits means you can squeeze more components onto the silicon, allowing electronic devices to have more processing power and more memory while staying the same size. In order to prevent the problems caused by even a small dust while chip etching is performed, it is worked under vacuum conditions.
Source:
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64514573
